Effect of Etching Condition on the Formation of Bioactive Surface of Hydroxyapatite-Glass-Titanium Composite

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Abstract
X-ray diffraction study shows that an etching solution of 3% HF and 5% HNO3 is the most suitable solution for preparing a bioactive surface layer of HA-glass-titanium composite, since the glass is removed, a great number of HA particles are exposed, and little CaF2 is produced by the etching. Anodic polarization measurement demonstrates that the 3-min etching gives an electrochemically active surface of the composites. These results and SEM observations suggest that this solution provides an adequate surface of the composite for the dental and medical implants.