Abstract
This monograph presents a detailed study of a problem of practical as well as theoretical importance. The practical aspect of the question is indicated in the following quotation from the introduction: "In the management of domestic live stock, farmers of the United States have been educated to believe that regular and liberal feeding forms the basis of good economic practice. This belief has not uncommonly led to the inference that animals deprived entirely of food, even for a relatively short time, would endure physical hardship, suffering and injury. The error of such a conclusion is best illustrated by a consideration of the life habits of wild animals, such as the deer, which is also a ruminant. Deer pass through long periods of deprivation, when food is scant, or sometimes entirely lacking, and on the whole survive in excellent shape, with remarkable vigor, unimpaired by such experiences." The steers were subjected

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