Antimetabolic effects of plant lectins and plant and fungal enzymes on the nymphal stages of two important rice pests, Nilaparvata lugens and Nephotettix cinciteps

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Abstract
Insect feeding trials were carried out to determine the effects of incorporating a range of plant derived proteins into artificial diets fed to leafhopper and planthopper pests of rice. The lectins Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and the enzyme soy bean lipoxygenase (LPO) were shown to exhibit significant antimetabolic effects towards first and third instar nymphs of rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) when incorporated into artificial diet at 0.1% (w/v), 0.1% (w/v) and 0.08% (w/v) levels respectively. The lectin GNA was also shown to exhibit a significant antimetabolic effect towards third instar nymphs of the rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix cinciteps Uhler). A number of inert proteins, lectins, protein inhibitors and enzymes also tested showed relatively little or no effect towards both insects.