Effects of Specificity on the Interpretation of Anaphoric Noun Phrases

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Abstract
Reading-time experiments on anaphor resolution have produced conflicting results. Some studies have been taken to support a schema-based theory of text comprehension, which claims that the ease of interpreting an anaphor depends on the schemata that are currently activated. Other studies suggest that more specific factors, such as the amount of new information carried by an anaphor, affect the amount of time needed to understand it. This paper reports an experiment designed to confirm the importance of an anaphor's information content in determining how much processing it requires. The experiment also investigates the role of schemata in anaphor resolution. It provides no evidence for schema-based processing. However, it is difficult to decide whether the materials used in the experiment should produce schematic effects. It is argued that this is a fault of schema theory, and unless this fault is rectified the theory cannot be regarded as a serious contender for an account of anaphor resolution.