Two mechanisms for inversionless amplification in four-level atoms with Raman pumping

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Abstract
We analyze the physical origin of the inversionless amplification in four-level atoms driven by a Raman field and identify the existence of two different mechanisms for the predicted gain. The first mechanism is connected with the appearance of a population inversion between the atomic states dressed by the coherent pump, while the second is linked to the buildup of coherence among these states. Proper selection of the relaxation parameters can make either the first or the second mechanism dominant over the other although usually both coexist.