Abstract
As long as educational expansion was viewed as a crucial ingredient for securing economic growth, democratic political processes, and more equitable economic and social participation, the tenets and practice of educational planning were rarely questioned. However, in recent years, the failure of education and educational expansion to produce these desiderata has raised serious questions for the field of educational planning. In this article, Henry Levin reviews four roles that educational planning has assumed,examines their appropriateness, and suggests ways for educational planning to construct a new identity.

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