Macroporous hydrogel membranes for a hybrid artificial pancreas. I. Synthesis and chamber fabrication

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Abstract
We report development of special macroporous semipermeable membranes and diffusion chambers made of polymerized 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA), synthesized specifically to enclose living insulin‐producing pancreatic islet cells for the treatment of diabetes. This material was selected to minimize the fibrotic encapsulation which has limited hybrid artificial pancreas efforts with other membranes, including Millipore and Nuclepore filters. The pore density and pore size distribution were dependent on the ratio of water to HEMA monomer and also on the crosslinker (EGDMA) concentration. A macroporous membrane resulted only when the ratio of water/HEMA monomer was greater than 50%. 125I‐insulin permeability was studied in vitro. A technique is also described to fuse the membranes to form diffusion chambers used for implantation into diabetic rats.