Rapid electrophysiological changes leading to arrhythmias in the aerobic rat heart. Photosensitization studies with rose bengal-derived reactive oxygen intermediates.

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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether reactive oxygen intermediates (e.g., singlet oxygen and the superoxide radical) can rapidly induce electrophysiological disturbances leading to the genesis of arrhythmias, even in the absence of ischemia and reperfusion. Rat hearts (n = 6 per group) were perfused aerobically at 37 degrees C for 10 minutes without rose bengal and for 5 minutes with rose bengal (250 nmol/l), during which time no changes in coronary flow or heart rate were observed. Hearts were then uniformly illuminated for 20 minutes with green light (530-590 nm) from 200 fiber optic cables. With light and without rose bengal, or vice versa, all hearts remained stable. However, in the illuminated rose bengal group, electrophysiological changes (inversion of the terminal portion of the T wave and an increase in Q-T interval) were observed within 11.8 +/- 2.1 seconds (i.e., less than 60 beats). All hearts exhibited ventricular premature beats (within 2.2 +/- 0.7 minutes) and ventricular tachycardia (within 2.8 +/- 0.7 minutes) before the occurrence of complete atrioventricular block (within 5.5 +/- 0.9 minutes). During the illumination period, coronary flow progressively fell in the rose bengal-perfused hearts from 11.6 +/- 0.5 ml/min to 2.0 +/- 0.4 ml/min (p less than 0.05 when compared with any control group). When a similar progressive reduction in coronary flow was mimicked (with or without rose bengal), no arrhythmias occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)