Experimental Studies of Standing Spin-Wave Modes in Ferromagnetic Films

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Abstract
Standing spin‐wave mode measurements have been made on thin films of Permalloy, cobalt, and iron using microwave frequencies between 9.8 and 32 Gc/sec. Clear experimental evidence has been obtained for the existence of the theoretically predicted k2 dependence of the magnetic field spacings with the magnetic field both parallel and normal to the plane of the film. In most of these films, deviations from the k2 law were observed for low‐order spin waves with the applied field normal to the plane of the film. In this region, the dependence ranged from near quadratic to linear and a distinctly different intensity variation for the lines was observed. With the applied field in the plane of the film, for thicknesses d less than 1200 Å, the intensity behavior of the higher‐order modes increased very rapidly with microwave frequency. The pinning conditions for the standing spin waves deduced from these observations can be qualitatively explained by assuming that the rf magnetization at an air interface is completely unpinned and that the film has surface layers of lower magnetization than the bulk.

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