Freeze-Dried Dura Mater for Guided Tissue Regeneration in Post-Extraction Dental Implants: A Clinical and Histologic Study

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Abstract
Soft membranes were used in 69 patients for bone regeneration around implants (blades and screws, submerged and non‐submerged) placed into extraction sockets. In about 10% of the patients a prosthetic restoration was completed immediately, while in the remaining patients the prostheses were connected after a healing period of 3 to 6 months; follow‐up ranged from 6 to 30 months. In 22 patients a re‐entry procedure was done to evaluate the membrane and in 4 patients a bone biopsy was taken from 3 to 6 months after the placement of the membrane. In all cases the peri‐implant tissues appeared clinically healthy and it was possible to see radiographically that the newly formed bone closely adapted to the implants. In most cases it was possible at 6 months re‐entry to see the membrane and detach it from the underlying tissues. There was a partial dehiscence of the membrane in only 4% of the cases. After 3 months the tissue under the membrane presented macroscopical features similar to mature bone, and bone biopsies in all cases showed a spongious lamellar bone with a high level of activity and a wide band of osteoid tissue. J Periodontol 1994;65:658–665.

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