The immobilizaton of enzymes, bovine serum albumin, and phenylpropylamine to poly(acrylic acid)–polyethylene‐based copolymers

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Abstract
A poly(acrylic acid)–polyethylene graft copolymer was prepared and used initially to couple to acid phosphatase, using soluble carbodiimides. Yields which were quite good were obtained with CMC but not with EDAC. The copolymers was used to couple trypsin using EEDQ. Several organic solvents were investigated for the preparation of the “activated” poly(acrylic acid) intermediate. Using the activated system, high concentrations of trypsin were bound but the relative activities were not very high. The yield was good with bovine serum albumin (BSA). When the method was used for invertase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, the yields were poor and the copolymer was shown to absorb protein by an ion‐exchange mechanism. However, the activated system gave a good yield of coupling to phenylpropylamine. A polyethylene‐coacrylic‐acid polymer containing 13% of acrylic acid (by weight) was then converted to the acid chloride by refluxing with thionyl chloride. The chlorinated copolymer which contained 0.7% chlorine and a thionyl‐chloride‐treated polyethylene control which contained no chlorine were investigated in immobilization studies. Such coupling involved bovine serum albumin (BSA), alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, β‐galactosidase, and invertase. Bovine serum albumin coupled well to the support, but none of the enzymes gave high levels of enzymes activity. Phenylpropylamine coupled well and all of the acid chloride groups were involved. Tyrosine reacted with 63% of the available acid chloride groups.