Replication of an Oxidized Abasic Site in Escherichia coli by a dNTP-Stabilized Misalignment Mechanism that Reads Upstream and Downstream Nucleotides

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Abstract
Abasic sites (AP) and oxidized abasic lesions are often referred to as noninstructive lesions because they cannot participate in Watson−Crick base pairing. The aptness of the term noninstructive for describing AP site replication has been called into question by recent investigations in E. coli using single-stranded shuttle vectors. These studies revealed that the replication of templates containing AP sites or the oxidized abasic lesions resulting from C1‘- (L) and C4‘-oxidation (C4-AP) are distinct from one another, suggesting that structural features other than Watson−Crick hydrogen bonds contribute to controlling replication. The first description of the replication of the abasic site resulting from formal C2‘-oxidation (C2-AP) is presented here. Full-length and single-nucleotide deletion products are observed when templates containing C2-AP are replicated in E. coli. Single nucleotide deletion formation is largely dependent upon the concerted effort of pol II and pol IV, whereas pol V suppresses frameshift product formation. Pol V utilizes the A-rule when bypassing C2-AP. In contrast, pol II and pol IV utilize a dNTP-stabilized misalignment mechanism to read the upstream and downstream nucleotides when bypassing C2-AP. This is the first example in which the identity of the 3‘-adjacent nucleotide is read during the replication of a DNA lesion. The results raise further questions as to whether abasic lesions are noninstructive lesions. We suggest that abasic site bypass is affected by the local biopolymer structure in addition to the structure of the lesion.