Multicomponent Separations in Chromatography I. Optimization in Temperature Programming Gas Chromatography

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Abstract
The general problem of prediction and subsequent optimization of a given separation by temperature programmed GC is explored. The calculation procedure for determining retention and resolution with linear programming rates, including consideration of the dead volume, is described first. The general logic involved in determining the optimum multistep program (linear steps) is then discussed, and the relationship of resolution to analysis time is examined. Using an experimental mixture of hydrocarbons, the predicted retention times and resolutions are found within 1–2% and 9% of the experimental values, respectively. The larger error in resolution can be accounted for in part from a neglect of the temperature dependence of HETP. From the results, it is shown that a multistep program can be substituted by an average linear program rate. This, in turn, permits an optimization procedure for the separation of an unknown mixture by temperature programming. The procedure is illustrated with a practical example.

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