Abstract
Stenosis of the tracheostoma in humans following total laryngectomy is not an infrequent complication, either immediately postoperatively or years later. Standard methods used at initial tracheostoma construction to reduce the incidence of stenosis include oblique transection of the trachea and removal of excessive fat and skin. Additional methods to increase the total circumference around the stoma include a Z-plasty of the posterior tracheal wall and a double-V method of anterior and posterior triangular skin flaps.

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