Maximal oxygen consumption as related to magnesium, copper, and zinc nutriture

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Abstract
Forty-four healthy male university athletes and 20 untrained men underwent maximal treadmill exercise testing to determine the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption and various measurements of elemental nutriture. Hb and mean plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of magnesium, copper, and zinc were within established norms for both groups after a 12-h fast. Mean plasma copper concentration was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the athletes (90 ± 14.3 versus 81 ± 8.0 µg/dl). Average maximal oxygen consumption also was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the athletes [4.5 ± 0.5 versus 3.3 ± 0.6 L/min and 55.5 ± 7.1 versus 47.0 ± 6.0 ml/(kg · min)]. Plasma magnesium was significantly correlated (r = 0.46; p < 0.002) with maximal oxygen consumption, ml/(kg · min), among the athletes. This relationship persisted when the effect of Hb concentration was removed by covariance analysis (p < 0.005). Only a weak association (r = −0.32; p = 0.17) was found between oxygen consumption and plasma magnesium in the untrained men. We hypothesize that ionic magnesium may facilitate oxygen delivery to working muscle tissue in trained subjects.