Vacuum Systems, Seals, and Valves

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Abstract
This paper is concerned with certain aspects of the technique of all-metal, kinetic vacuum systems which have proven their reliability. A brief account is given of the constitution of a system to operate down to pressures of the order of 10−5 mm. Precautions to be observed in assembling such a system and in its general care and maintenance are discussed. In all systems reliable, high speed valves are needed. Some which are quite satisfactory for many uses are available. In the event that it is necessary to construct such a valve, a modification of a standard brass gate valve is described. The problem of rubber gaskets is discussed in some detail, and suggestions are made which may relieve some of the difficulties which are occasionally encountered with them. The attention of experimenters is called to the usefulness of O-rings and a number of examples of their use is given.

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