The Short-Term Effects of Competition and Rewards in an Adolescent Smoking Prevention Program

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Abstract
This study evaluated whether interventions involving competition and rewards would enhance a school-based educational curriculum on tobacco use. Written pre- and post-tests were used to assess the relevant knowledge of 1068 seventh grade students in three comparable communities. The students' smoking beliefs, intentions, and behavior were assessed by questionnaires before and after the educational unit. Students in two communities participated in interventions designed to enhance knowl edge acquisition, social activism, and non-use of tobacco; students in one community served as controls. Students in competitive and control communities did not differ prior to interven tion. The interventions influenced respondents' concern about their health and the health of their family and friends and increased the likelihood that they would asso ciate smoking with maturity and short-term bad effects, regardless of their pre-inter vention smoking behavior. Experimenters' and regular smokers' knowledge about smoking and its consequences, and concern about the amount of substance use in their town were increased by the competitions. The competitions were also more like ly to reduce their intentions to smoke. The interventions did not affect smoking be havior. Fortunately, competition losers and winners were not differentially affected by the interventions.