Cholesterol efflux from arterial wall cells

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Abstract
The efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall constitutes the first step in reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on the metabolism and mechanisms of efflux of cellular cholesterol located in the plasma membrane, lysosomes and cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester inclusions. Factors that modulate the efflux of cholesterol from the plasma membrane pool can be expected to influence the clearance of all other cellular pools, since cholesterol efflux from this pool is usually rate-limiting.

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