Explanations in Negative Messages: More Insights from Speech Act Theory

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Abstract
Textbook advice regarding "negative messages" generally prescribes the use of an ex planation (traditionally as part of the "indirect plan"). This paper continues a line of research applying linguistic pragmatics, in this case Speech Act Theory, to profes sional writing. Specifically, I argue here that Speech Act Theory supports the use of an explanation in composing negative messages and also provides a useful classification of such explanations based on five universal strategies for politely refusing requests. This classification, in turn, illuminates some problems which novice writers exhibit in "inventing" explanations and has some specific pedagogical implications.

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