Preparation of Bi4(Sr, Ca)6Cu4O16+xsurfaces for photoemission studies by in situ oxygen annealing

Abstract
Clean surfaces of ceramic samples of the oxide superconductors Bi4(Sr, Ca)6Cu4O16+x have been prepared in a UHV system by in situ annealing under pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Ultraviolet photoemission spectra from the oxygen-annealed surfaces are similar to those from cleaved single crystal material, and show a small but measurable density of states at the Fermi energy. Core level photoemission spectra are presented and discussed.