Cross-section measurements of krypton 78 to 86 isotopes in the spallation of palladium and silver. A new semi-empirical spallation formula in the Y to Ag target mass region

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Abstract
Cosmogenic krypton in iron meteorites arises from the bombardment of the elements between Zr(Z = 40) and Pd(Z = 46) by primary and secondary cosmic rays. In this work we measured the cross-sections of 78- 86Kr formation in nuclear reactions induced by the proton bombardment of Pd and Ag at 0.15, 0.6 (Ag only), 1.05 and 24 GeV using high-sensitivity mass-spectrometry. We then developed a Rudstam-like semi-empirical spallation formula that gives good results in the target and product region of interest Of over about 500 cross-sections compiled for Y(Z = 39) up to Ag(Z = 47) with 5 ≤ Δ A- ≤ 40 and Ep ≽ 130 MeV, 89 % are calculated to better than a factor of 2. That percentage increases to 96 % when excluding small cross sections (σ ≤ 0.1) mb and low energies (Ep ≤ 206 MeV). Our formula is suitable for the calculation of unknown Kr cross-sections in Mo, Ru and Rh, the elements that make the main contribution to cosmogenic krypton in iron meteorites