Occupation, Tobacco Use, Coffee, and Bladder Cancer in the County of Mataro (Spain)

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Abstract
This report presents the results of an epidemiologic case-control study. The study includes 58 cases and 116 controls from both sexes, selected from the Admission Register of the Hospital and from the Death Registry Office of the local city authorities. Controls have been matched to cases by age, sex, place of residence and source of selection. The results demonstrated no increased risk associated with coffee consumption. Habitual smokers present a 2.3 times higher risk than nonsmokers. The estimated relative risk for occupation standardized by age and smoking habit, is 5.5. A multiplicative effect of the simultaneous action of smoking and occupational exposure has been observed to be an estimated relative risk of 11.7. The attributable risk of the population has been estimated to be 39% for smokers and 12% for occupational exposure. A strong association was found between bladder cancer and occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances, especially in the dye and print textile industries.