Parvovirus B19 nonstructural (NS1) protein as a transactivator of interleukin‐6 synthesis: Common pathway in inflammatory sequelae of human parvovirus infections?

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Abstract
This review focuses on the role that human parvovirus B19 nonstructural (NS1) protein as a transactivator of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), might play in triggering the multiparametric inflammatory outcomes of B19 infection. Parvovirus B19 is a ubiquitous virus, and it is often expressed during conditions of immunodepression including that induced by long‐term chemotherapy, viral infection (HIV, HTLV‐1), or genetic immunodeficiency disorders. Through NS1 expression, B19 may contribute to the immune dysregulation associated with these disorders, or serve as a cofactor in enhancing retroviral replication. Hence, NS1 transactivation of proinflammatory cytokine promoters such as IL‐6 may be pivotal in triggering the various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders that have been linked to parvovirus B19 infections. J. Med. Virol. 67:267–274, 2002.