Body deformation in hatchery reared European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L). Types, prevalence and effect on fish survival

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Abstract
The main types of body deformation found in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L), reared at the Centre Océanologique de Bretagne, from hatching to 100 days, are described and classified. Frequency of occurrence of each type of abnormality was followed in different batches of reared fishes. Results suggest that the majority of the abnormalities which appear in larval fish are lethal (from 0 to 40 days), while those which become apparent only in the post‐larval fish (after 40 days) do not interfere with survival.