Abstract
A lower molar of a large-bodied pliopithecine from the West German locality of Salmendingen is described and attributed to the taxon Anapithecus cf. hernyaki. This identification is used with other evidence to support the hypothesis that a femur from the nearby locality of Eppelsheim should be attributed to the Pliopithecinae. These newly identified pliopithecine fossils provide evidence of primate diversity and morphological uniqueness in the Late Miocene of Europe.