Measures of feeling‐of‐knowing accuracy: A new look at an old problem

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Abstract
Two ordinal measures of feeling‐of‐knowing performance appropriate for n × n data arrays are reviewed. Goodman and Kruskal's gamma provides a measure of association between recognition performance and feeling‐of‐knowing judgements. The Hamann coefficient provides a measure of agreement accuracy. The relative strengths and weaknesses of each measure are compared at length. A proof is provided, which reveals a lack of one‐to‐one relation between the two and suggests that they may be independent under most circumstances. It is concluded that both measures should be reported together as complementary indices as each captures a different facet of feeling‐of‐knowing performance. Alternative measures for gamma and the Hamann coefficient are considered and a number of recommendations are made for future research.

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