BOVINE RE-ENTRANT DUODENAL FISTULA STUDIES. 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF RE-ENTRANT DUODENAL FISTULA

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Abstract
The functional and digestive activities of the bovine alimentary tract, particularly the rumen, have been extensively studied during the past decade. Much of this research has been greatly facilitated by the use of the rumen fistula. Because certain limitations and disadvantages exist in present rumenal techniques the evolution of new techniques or the improvement of existing techniques as a means of gaining insight into digestive tract problems is important. The development of methods (a) for quantitatively sampling a continuously moving system without perceptibly upsetting normal physiologic relationships, (b) for sampling ingesta so that the exact source and identification of the sample is known and (c) for obtaining more information with regard to the digestive processes in other parts of the alimentary tract requires further attention. Young (1951) describes a technique for establishing a simple duodenal fistula in a 700 Ib. steer in which the eleventh rib is resected and the periosteum is used for subsequent osseous deposition thus strengthening the fistula area. McDonald (1953) modified Young’s technique and successfully established duodenal fistulas in sheep. The operation is illustratively presented by Dougherty (1955). Dougherty and Cello (1949), in studying absorptive processes in the digestive tract of sheep, employed an abomasal-duodenal-shunt fistula which was patterned, for the most part, after the technique described by Markowitz (Crocker-Markowitz fistula) (1954). Similar preparations for measuring the passage and composition of digesta from the abomasum of sheep were used by Phillipson (1952) and Masson and Phillipson (1952). Available literature does not describe an abomasal-duodenal-shunt fistula or

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