Large-Scale Evaluation of Blackbird Frightening Agent 4-Aminopyridine in Corn

Abstract
Cracked corn treated with 4-aminopyridine was effective in reducing damage to field corn by blackbirds (primarily red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus) in Ohio [USA]. Damage measured in treated fields (0.8%) was significantly (P < 0.01) less than damage in untreated fields (3.4%) in the same area. The cost-benefit ratio was $0.72/ha. Only 14 nontarget birds (all house sparrows, Passer domesticus) were affected.

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