Biosynthetic Convergence of Salinosporamides A and B in the Marine Actinomycete Salinispora tropica

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Abstract
Feeding experiments with stable isotopes established that the potent 20S-proteasome inhibitors salinosporamide A and B are biosynthesized in the marine bacterium Salinispora tropica from three biosynthetic building blocks, namely, acetate, β-hydroxy-2‘-cyclohexenylalanine, and either butyrate or a tetrose-derived chlorinated molecule. The unexpected observation that the chlorinated four-carbon residue in salinosporamide A is derived from a different metabolic origin than the non-chlorinated four-carbon unit in salinosporamide B is suggestive of a convergent biosynthesis to these two anticancer natural products.