Adherence Behaviors in Research Protocols: Comparison of Two Interventions

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Abstract
The effectiveness of an enhanced preparation intervention was compared with the staiidard preparation intervention for accuracy in overnight urine specimen collections. The sample consisted of 179 individuals with type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Subjects were assigned randomly to an enhanced or standard preparation group. The enhanced preparation included written instructions, a reminder to post instructions in the bathroom, a toilet seat cover with a reminder to save urine, and a nurse-initiated telephone call to review the instnlctions. The standard preparation included written instructions and a telephone number to call with any questions. For subjects without previous collection experience, significantly fewer inaccurate collections were reported in the enhanced preparation group than in the standard group (x2 =4.61, P<.05). There were no differences in collection accuracy between enhanced and standard groups for subjects with collection experience (x 2 =.4598, P>.05).