Cold Hardening in Citrus Seedlings as Related to Artificial Hardening Conditions1

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Abstract
Seedlings of 18 citrus types were exposed to artificial hardening conditions. ‘Nagami’ kumquat, false hybrid satsuma and ‘Cleopatra’ mandarins were the most cold hardy and ‘Lisbon’ lemon, ‘Mexican’ lime, Rangpur’ lime, and ‘Calamondin’ hybrid kumquat the least cold hardy. Three mandarins, 1 tangelo, 3 oranges, and 4 grapefruit types were intermediate in hardiness. Generally, the most hardy types hardened some at 70° day and 50°F night temperatures, and 60°/40° as well as at lower temperatures while the least hardy types hardened primarily at 50°/30° and 45°/26°. Sugar accumulation was associated with hardening.

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