Management of Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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Abstract
The resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents is increasing in many parts of the world. The frequency of erythromycin resistance in parts of Europe1 and, to a lesser extent, in the United States2 limits the usefulness of macrolide antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia, and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline is an important problem in some other countries3,4. Recently, resistance to and clinical failure of the extended-spectrum cephalosporins ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis have been noted in Spain5,6 and the United States7,8. In addition, there have . . .