Abstract
Common belief in a vast oceanic Tethys is mistaken and results from attempts to reconstruct Pangaea on an Earth of constant dimensions. Tethys was an epicontinental sea, much longer than it was wide. India was simultaneously attached to Asia and formed part of Gondwanaland. This is possible only if, as Carey suggests, the Earth has expanded and the Indian Ocean formed as continents separated. Such separation was a single controlled event.

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