The evaluation of underarm deodorants

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Abstract
Double-blind cross-over trials in which trained assessors evaluated axililary malodor on a 0-10 scale showed that ethanol at 60% and 99% wt/wt significantly reduced odor for up to 24 h. Reduction in odor was increased by the addition of non-volatile antimicrobial ingredients such as chlorhexidine, Irgasan DP 300 or aluminum chlorhydrate. Volunteer panelists were able to identify statistically significant deodorant effects when they rated their own axillary odor on a 0-10 scale. An odor absorber, zinc ricinoleate was used to treat existing malodor and gave reduced perception of that malodor for up to 24 h. A close correlation was found between panel odor scores and the bacterial status of the axilla as assessed by the replipad technique when biocidal systems were studied. Irgasan DP 300, a bacteriostat, did not perform well in skin flora sampling procedures, but was effective as a deodorant ingredient. Thus, in vivo microbiolgical techniques, although often useful as predictors of deodorancy, do not replace the carefully controlled clinical trial with direct assessment of odor.

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