Effects of Morphine, Levallorphan, and Respiratory Gases on Increased Intracranial Pressure

Abstract
A series of experiments are reported in which the effects of morphine and levallorphan are compared in normal dogs and in dogs with artificially-elevated intracranial pressure. Hypercarbia caused a rise of intracranial pressure in both groups. If the hypercarbia following morphine was reversed or prevented, so were the concomitant changes in intracranial pressure reversed or prevented. In view of these findings, it is suggested that morphine under proper circumstances may be used in the neurosurgical patient.

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