Vapor Phase Crystallization of Vanadium Oxide by Hydrolysis of Vanadium Oxychloride

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Abstract
A new method of preparing single crystals of V2O5, VO2, V3O5, V2O3, and VO has been presented, which is based on the chemical decomposition of VOCL3 vapor with moisture in an inert or reducing atmosphere. In this method, V2O5 and VO2 crystallized in a whisker shape, whereas V3O5 and V2O3 in a dendritic form composed of well-developed thin platelets. Thin films of VO single crystal were successfully grown by the epitaxial technique on the MgO substrate, and those of VO2 on either TiO2 or GeO2. The observation on the surface structures and on the morphology of the crystals thus obtained has suggested that the mechanism of `layer growth' may apply to the case of V2O5 and VO2 crystals. The growth of V3O5 and V2O3 has been interpreted in terms of two-step mechanism, in which the crystallization begins with dendritic growth and then proceeds to layer growth. The epitaxial growth is successful only when sufficient structural matching holds between the substrate and the growing crystals.

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