Controlled clinical trial of adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG and neuraminidase‐treated autologous tumour cells in large bowel cancer

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Abstract
A controlled, randomised clinical trial of immunotherapy was performed in 301 patients with stage B or C colorectal cancer. The immunotherapy treatment consisted of 18 vaccinations over a 2 year period following surgery with a combination of BCG given by scarification plus subcutaneous injection of Vibrio cholera neuraminidase (VCN)‐modified autologous tumour cells. Five year follow‐up has now been completed in all patients. The immunotherapy did not alter either the disease‐free interval or the overall survival of patients in comparison with a control group of patients not receiving immunotherapy.