Delta excitations in heavy nuclei induced by(3He,t) and (p,n) reactions

Delta excitations in heavy nuclei, induced by charge exchange reactions, are studied using the surface response model. The residual pion-exchange interaction and the self-energy of the delta in a nuclear medium is included in the random-phase-approximation response. The peak position observed in ${(}^3$He,t) reactions can be explained by the self-energy of the delta extracted from pion-nucleus scattering, and the magnitude of the cross section is consistent with Glauber theory. The comparison to (p,n) data is reasonable; contributions from neutron decay of the delta, which are left out in the calculations, constitute a substantial experimental background.