Quantification des processus de minéralisation et d’organisation de l’azote dans un sol en présence d’amendements organiques

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Abstract
Quantification of the processes of gross mineralization and immobilization is very important to make full nitrogen balances. These processes were quantified in a clay loam soil (S) after application of nitrogen K15NO3 (N) and four organic amendments (two composts of domestic waste of different ages (C1 and C3), residual waste from a treatment plant (B) and farmyard manure (F) as a control). This study was carried out during a 1–2 mo incubation at a temperature of 25 °C and a moisture content of 2/3 of the field capacity. The mineralization and immobilization processes depended on the nature of the organic amendments, their degree of stability and their nitrogen content. N mineralization was correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.936), N contents (r = 0.880), hemicellulose contents (NDF – ADF) (r = 0.869), (hemicellulose + cellulose + lignin)/N ratios (NDF/N) (r = 0.886) and (cellulose + lignin)/N ratios (ADF/N) (r = 0.869). The immobilization of N was correlated to (cellulose + lignin) contents (ADF) (r = 0.607). The amount of mineralized N (mg kg−1) during this month was in the following decreasing order: S + N + B (94.3) > S + N + F (14.3) > S + N + C3 (4.92) > S + N (− 0.31) > S + N + C1 (−20.1). Organic amendments application favored the process of N immobilization which decreased with the degree of stability of organic materials. The amount of N immobilization (mg kg−1) was in the following decreasing order: S + N + B (53.3), S + N + C1 (49.1), S + N + F (36.72), S + N + C3 (35.6) and S + N (29.1). The loss of nitrogen (between 2 and 20%) was attributed to dénitrification or volatilization. Key words: Mineralization, immobilization, organic amendments, 15N

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