Exploding Quark-Gluon Plasma Fireball

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Abstract
Lattice-QCD results provide an opportunity to model and extrapolate to finite baryon density the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Upon fixing the scale of the thermal coupling constant and vacuum energy to the lattice data the properties of resulting QGP equations of state (EoS) are developed. An exploding dense matter fireball formed in heavy ion collision experiments at CERN-SPS is considered, and we show that its physical properties are well described by the QGP-EoS we presented. We quantitatively determine the conditions of sudden breakup of the fireball, and show that this instability point is consistent with with the hadronization condition derived from the hadronic particle production data. We further estimate the properties of the fireball as it is formed just after nuclear collision is completed and show that QGP formation must be expected down to 40$A$ GeV central Pb--Pb interactions.

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