Lanthanide catalysts for the hetero Diels–Alder reaction: effect of ligand structure and acidity

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Abstract
A series of yttrium, ytterbium, and lanthanum hexa-or heptacoordinate complexes were prepared and their catalytic activities tested in the hetero Diels–Alder reaction between crotonaldehyde and ethyl vinyl ether. It was found that a pKa below 7 of the ligand was necessary but not sufficient for catalytic activity. It was determined that the ligand should possess a perfluoromethyl-β-diketonate functionality. Other factors such as bite angle and hinging motion may also play a determining role. Keywords: lanthanide, catalyst, hetero Dielsis–Alder, yttrium, ytterbium, lanthanum.

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