The early use of fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in an approach to the diagnosis of jaundice in a surgical unit

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Abstract
Fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed in a series of 46 patients with jaundice or suspected biliary tract disease. The ductal system was successfully outlined in each of 20 patients with dilated intrahepatic ducts and in 19 of 26 patients with intrahepatic ducts of normal calibre. There were two episodes of septicaemia after PTC, one of them fatal. Valuable accurate diagnostic information was obtained in all cases with biliary tract obstruction. A programmed approach to diagnosis of suspected obstructive jaundice is outlined. Fine-needle PTC is an acceptably safe procedure and need not be followed by immediate laparotomy.