Importance of the swimbladder in acoustic scattering by fish: A comparison of gadoid and mackerel target strengths

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Abstract
The swimbladder contribution to the fish backscattering cross section were previously hindered by ignorance of the acoustic boundary conditions at the swimbladder wall. This problem is circumvented by direct comparison of target strengths of 3 gadoid spp. and mackerel, anatomically comparable fusiform fish which possess and lack a swimbladder, respectively. The relative swimbladder contribution to maximum and averaged dorsal aspect backscattering cross sections is approximately 90-95%, higher than most other estimates. These fish had 29-42 cm length and acoustic frequencies of 38 and 120 kHz.

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