Misclassification in more than one factor in a case‐control study: A combination of Mantel‐Haenszel and maximum likelihood approaches

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Abstract
Misclassification can arise in the case-control setting in both the risk factor of interest, and in a potential confounder. If true status is not ascertainable, but an independent replicated sample is available, adjusted maximum likelihood estimates of the individual binomial proportions can be obtained, and hence a relative risk estimate of the Mantel—Haenszel type constructed. An interval estimate on the latter can be calculated using the asymptotic properties of the likelihood function. The method is illustrated by application to a case-control study of breast cancer risk and such lifestyle attributes as diet, smoking and alcohol consumption, in which misclassification was anticipated and consequently repeatability data were collected.