Electrical and electromechanical properties in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3ceramic containing both Fe3+and Nb5+ions

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Abstract
In Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics doped with the same amount of Fe(acceptor) and Nb(donor) atoms, the values of internal bias field Ei, mechanical quality factor Qm, resonance frequency aging effect AR(f) and electrial resistivity p were not changed from those of undoped ceramics. However, the values of electromechanical coupling factor kr and dielectric constant before poling ϵ were changed from those of undoped ceramics. Unpaired donors decreased Ei, Qm and AR(f) and greatly increased p. Unpaired acceptors increased Ei, Qm and AR(f) and slightly decreased p, conversely.