Transcriptional control of human papillomavirus type 18 oncogene expression in different cell lines: Role of transcription factor YY1

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Abstract
Binding of YY1 to the proximal fragment of the human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) upstream regulatory region (URR) activates the oncogene expression of HPV-18 in HeLa cells, whereas in HepG2 cells this expression is repressed by YY1. In the present transient transfection study, we analyze the regulation of the HPV-18 URR by YY1 in an extended number of cell lines. Except for HeLa cells, YY1 represses or does not influence oncogene expression in all cell lines tested. In HeLa cells the activation of viral oncogene expression by YY1 is caused by the functional interplay between YY1 and a factor binding to the newly identified “switch region” of the HPV-18 URR. In this work we show that in HeLa cells, a 22 bp region located between the “switch region” and the promoter proximal fragment contributes to the modulation of the activity of YY1 and, in addition, regulates HPV-18 promoter activity independently of YY1.