Wilson loops in four-dimensional quantum gravity

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Abstract
A Wilson loop is defined, in four-dimensional pure Einstein gravity, as the trace of the holonomy of the Christoffel connection or of the spin connection, and its invariance under the symmetry transformations of the action is shown (diffeomorphisms and local Lorentz transformations). We then compute the loop perturbatively, both on a flat background and in the presence of an external source; we also allow some modifications in the form of the action, and test the action of "stabilized" gravity. A geometrical analysis of the results in terms of the gauge group of the Euclidean theory, SO(4), leads us to the conclusion that the corresponding statistical system does not develop any configuration with localized curvature at low temperature. This "nonlocal" behavior of the quantized gravitational field strongly contrasts with that of usual gauge fields. Our results also provide an explanation for the absence of any invariant correlation of the curvature in the same approximation.
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