On the Earlier Volcanic Rocks of the Papal States, and the adjacent parts of Italy

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Abstract
Introduction: —During a winter's residence in Rome, including journeys to and from that city by the Maremma, Siena, and Viterbo on the west, and by Perugia on the east, together with excursions, including one to Naples, in the spring, the abundant “earlier volcanic” products of that region were necessarily brought under my notice. For, although my chief object in visiting the peninsula was to ascertain the order of succession from its secondary to its tertiary strata, the very existence of those formations, particularly of the latter, was so intimately connected with contemporaneous or subsequent eruptions of volcanic matter, that it was impossible for any geologist not to be alive to the importance of observations which tended to throw light on the conditions under which such igneous operations took place. I had moreover a strong additional motive to enter into this branch of our subject, from habitual intercourse with my friend, the accomplished mineralogist. Count L. Medici Spada, and his zoological coadjutor Professor Ponzi. Although all the materials prepared by these authors will, I trust, at no distant day be published†, still as they will even then appear in a foreign language, and will imbody local phænomena not requisite for the clear comprehension of the subject, I venture to offer the present sketch, which, although in part derived from the labours of my above-mentioned friends, contains a modification of their views concerning the Latian Hills, which I consider to be of some importance‡. Not entering fully into the details of the literature

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