Aldehydes as Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Respiration. I. The Effect of Biological Aliphatic Aldehydes, especially Methylglyoxal, on Brain and Liver Mitochondria in vitro.

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Abstract
Six aldehydes which might occur in vivo have been studied for their inhibition of pyruvate oxidation in liver and brain mitochondria. Of these, methylglyoxal has been more extensively studied. Methylglyoxal inhibited pyruvate oxidation more in mitochondria from cerebellum than from cerebrum or liver, and equalled in this respect the previously found effect of acetaldehyde. Also the glutamate oxidation was obviously decreased in both brain and liver mitochondria. Neither the oxidation of succinate nor of [alpha]-glycero-phosphate was influenced by methylglyoxal. The inhibition of pyruvate oxidation is more or less abolished by addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) but only if the mitochondrial membranes have been previously disorganized by aging of the mitochondria. Methylglyoxal does not affect the oxidation rate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) which indicates that the area or inhibition lies between the substrate and NADH dehydrogenase.