The Arabidopsis KAKTUS gene encodes a HECT protein and controls the number of endoreduplication cycles

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Abstract
In animals and plants, many cell types switch from mitotic cycles to endoreduplication cycles during differentiation. Little is known about the way in which the number of endoreduplication cycles is controlled in such endopolyploid cells. In this study we have characterized at the molecular level three mutations in the Arabidopsis gene KAKTUS ( KAK), which were previously shown specifically to repress endoreduplication in trichomes. We show that KAK is also involved in the regulation of the number of endoreduplication cycles in various organs that are devoid of trichomes. KAK encodes a protein with sequence similarity to HECT domain proteins. As this class of proteins is known to be involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, our finding suggests that the number of endoreduplication cycles that occur in several cell types is controlled by this pathway. The KAK gene defines a monophylogenetic subgroup of HECT proteins that also contain Armadillo-like repeats.